China has marked the anniversary of the introduction of its one-child policy, a population control measure that shaped family life and demographics for decades before being formally ended. Introduced to curb rapid population growth, the policy had far-reaching social, economic, and demographic consequences.
The policy contributed to smaller family sizes and slower population growth but also led to unintended effects, including a rapidly ageing population, a shrinking workforce, and a gender imbalance caused by a long-standing cultural preference for sons. Many families were separated by enforcement measures that included fines and restrictions on employment and education.
Despite the policy’s repeal and subsequent ...